Do I need to mail my birth certificate with my affidavit?
No, you will need to mail only the cover letter and affidavit of citizenship evidence to the U.S. Secretary of State.
Can I mail my child’s affidavit and do mine at a later date?
No, you actually should mail yours first and then take care of your children’s.
I could only get a photocopy of my certificate of live birth.
Should I send a copy of that along with a certified birth certificate for the passport application? Either one should suffice, as long as it’s a copy generated by your state rather than a copy you’ve made on a printer.
What is 26 U.S. Code § 6013(g)?
(g) Election to treat nonresident alien individual as resident of the United States (1) In general A nonresident alien individual with respect to whom this subsection is in effect for the taxable year shall be treated as a resident of the United States— (A) for purposes of chapter 1 for all of such taxable year, […]
As a national, will I still owe state taxes?
Our understanding is that state taxes follow the requirement to pay federal tax. Since you are a national (aka a non-resident alien), you are not required to pay federal taxes, so you would not be required to pay state income taxes. It is required that you send a notice of your affidavit of citizenship evidence […]